The **LM393DGKR** is a widely used low-power, low-offset voltage dual differential comparator. It is produced by Texas Instruments (TI) and comes in the "DGKR" package, which is a small form factor (VSSOP-8). --- ### ## Technical Specifications The following table summarizes the key electrical characteristics of the LM393DGKR: | Parameter | Specification | | :--- | :--- | | **Number of Channels** | 2 (Dual) | | **Supply Voltage (Single)** | 2V to 36V | | **Supply Voltage (Dual)** | ±1V to ±18V | | **Output Type** | Open Collector | | **Response Time** | 1.3 µs | | **Package / Case** | VSSOP-8 (DGK) | | **Operating Temperature** | 0°C to 70°C | --- ### ## Key Internal Features #### 1. Open-Collector Output The LM393DGKR uses an open-collector output stage. This means: * It requires an external **pull-up resistor** to function as a logic output. * It allows for "Wired-OR" connections. * The output voltage level can be different from the Vcc supply (e.g., Vcc is 12V, but output pulls up to 5V for microcontroller logic). #### 2. Wide Common-Mode Range The input common-mode voltage range includes ground (0V), even when operating from a single power supply. This makes it ideal for sensing signals near 0V without needing a negative power rail. #### 3. Low Power Consumption Designed for battery-operated devices, the quiescent current is typically 0.4 mA, regardless of the supply voltage. --- ### ## Pin Configuration (VSSOP-8) | Pin # | Name | Function | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 1 | OUT A | Output of Comparator A | | 2 | IN A- | Inverting Input of Comparator A | | 3 | IN A+ | Non-Inverting Input of Comparator A | | 4 | GND | Ground / Negative Supply | | 5 | IN B+ | Non-Inverting Input of Comparator B | | 6 | IN B- | Inverting Input of Comparator B | | 7 | OUT B | Output of Comparator B | | 8 | Vcc | Positive Supply Voltage | --- ### ## Common Applications * **Zero-Crossing Detectors:** Used to detect when an AC signal crosses 0V. * **Voltage Level Detectors:** Used in battery monitoring to trigger an alarm when voltage drops below a threshold. * **Limit Comparators:** Checking if a sensor value is within a specific window. * **Oscillators:** Can be configured to create square wave generators. --- ### ## Usage Example (Circuit Logic) ```python # Logic Table for LM393 (with Pull-up Resistor) # If V_In+ > V_In- : Output is High Impedance (Pulled HIGH by resistor) # If V_In+ < V_In- : Output is LOW (Connected to GND) ```