The **MA23TAD-R** is an ultra-small, high-performance **Piezoelectric Buzzer** (also known as a transducer or sounder) manufactured by **Mallory Sonalert Products**. It is designed for compact electronic devices where high sound output and reliability are required in a surface-mount form factor. --- ## 🛠 Technical Specifications The following table outlines the primary electrical and physical characteristics of the MA23TAD-R: | Parameter | Specification | | :--- | :--- | | **Technology** | Piezoelectric (External Drive) | | **Operating Voltage** | 1 to 20 Vp-p | | **Rated Voltage** | 3 Vp-p | | **Current Consumption** | 1.5 mA (at rated voltage) | | **Sound Pressure Level (SPL)** | 80 dB @ 10cm | | **Resonant Frequency** | 4,000 Hz | | **Operating Temperature** | -40°C to +85°C | | **Mounting Type** | Surface Mount (SMD) | | **Dimensions** | 9.0 x 9.0 x 1.8 mm | --- ## 🏗 Electronic Construction & Operation The MA23TAD-R is an **External Drive** type buzzer. Unlike "indicators" which have internal circuitry to generate sound, this part requires an external oscillating signal to function. ### 1. The Piezo Element At the core is a ceramic disc bonded to a metal plate. When an AC voltage is applied, the piezo material expands and contracts (the converse piezoelectric effect), causing the metal plate to vibrate and move air, creating sound waves. ### 2. Driving Circuitry Because it lacks internal drive circuitry, you must provide a square wave at its resonant frequency (4.000 Hz) to achieve the maximum 80dB volume. * **MCU Integration:** Typically driven by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pin from a microcontroller. * **Transistor Switch:** It is recommended to use an NPN transistor or MOSFET to switch the signal if the MCU pin cannot provide sufficient current. ### 3. SMD Design The "R" in the suffix usually denotes "Tape and Reel" packaging, meaning it is designed for automated "pick and place" assembly lines. The housing is made of LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer), which can withstand high-temperature reflow soldering. --- ## 📋 Key Application Use-Cases * **Medical Devices:** Portable monitors or infusion pumps requiring low-power alerts. * **Consumer Electronics:** Smartwatches, handheld scanners, and IoT sensors. * **Industrial:** Point-of-sale (POS) terminals and security keypads. ---