The **SV-AD-R** refers to the **SVA High-Voltage Differential Probe** series (specifically the AD-R variants like the SV-AD-R700 or R1500), commonly used in power electronics testing and oscilloscope applications. These probes are designed to measure high-voltage signals safely by converting high differential voltages into low-level voltages compatible with standard BNC inputs. --- ## 1. Core Electronic Components & Architecture The SV-AD-R probe operates on the principle of a **Differential Amplifier** with high attenuation. Below are the primary electronic sections: ### A. High-Impedance Input Divider This is the first stage where the high voltage enters. * **Resistor Network:** A string of high-precision, high-voltage-rated resistors is used to divide the input voltage down. * **Capacitive Compensation:** Small capacitors are placed in parallel with the resistors to ensure a flat frequency response, preventing signal distortion at high frequencies (MHz range). ### B. Differential Amplifier Stage This is the "heart" of the probe. * **Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps):** These chips take the difference between the two input signals ($V_+ - V_-$) while rejecting the **Common Mode Voltage** (voltage present on both lines). * **CMRR Optimization:** High-quality components are used to maintain a high **Common Mode Rejection Ratio**, which is critical for measuring floating signals in noisy environments like motor drives. ### C. Output Driver & Protection * **50Ω Impedance Matching:** The output stage ensures the signal travels through the BNC cable to the oscilloscope without reflections. * **Overload Protection:** Internal circuitry (clamping diodes) protects the internal electronics and the connected oscilloscope from accidental over-voltage spikes. --- ## 2. Technical Specifications Table | Feature | Typical Specification (AD-R Series) | | :--- | :--- | | **Bandwidth** | 70MHz to 100MHz (Model dependent) | | **Attenuation Ratio** | 1/100 and 1/1000 (Switchable) | | **Differential Voltage** | Up to 7000V (Peak) for R7000 models | | **Input Impedance** | ~10MΩ // 2pF (per side) | | **Power Supply** | USB DC 5V or External Power Adapter | | **Output Voltage** | ≤ ±7V | --- ## 3. Key Electronic Characteristics ### High Safety Standards The SV-AD-R series is built with **Galvanic Isolation** in mind. The electronic layout ensures that the user and the oscilloscope are physically isolated from the high-voltage source, preventing ground loops and electric shocks. ### Signal Integrity * **Low Noise Floor:** The electronic components are selected to minimize thermal noise, allowing for clear readings even at high attenuation (1/1000). * **Delay/Skew Management:** The internal trace routing is designed to minimize signal propagation delay, which is vital for timing-sensitive measurements in IGBT/MOSFET switching analysis. ---