CSR91B565KA datasheet(78/84 Pages) KEMET

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monolithic ceramic capacitors) it is insignificant at the

basic measurement frequencies of 120 and 1000 Hz.

RS — Represents the actual ohmic series resistance

in series with the capacitance. Lead wires and capacitor

electrodes are contributing sources.

RL — Capacitor Leakage Resistance. Typically it can

reach 50,000 megohms in a tantalum capacitor. It can

exceed 1012 ohms in monolithic ceramics and in film

capacitors.

Rd — The dielectric loss contributed by dielectric

absorption and molecular polarization. It becomes very

significant in high frequency measurements and applica-

tions. Its value varies with frequency.

Cd — The inherent dielectric absorption of the solid

tantalum capacitor which typically equates to 1-2% of the

applied voltage.

As frequency increases, X

c continues to decrease

according to its equation above. There is unavoidable

inductance as well as resistance in all capacitors, and at

some point in frequency, the reactance ceases to be

capacitive and becomes inductive. This frequency is called

the self-resonant point. In solid tantalum capacitors, the

resonance is damped by the ESR, and a smooth, rather

than abrupt, transition from capacitive to inductive reac-

tance (XL = 2pfL) follows.

Typical ESR and Z performance is given for repre-

sentative capacitor ratings in Figures 9 through 11.

Measured impedance will be affected by the length of lead

wire included. Data for the curves were taken by including

1/2" of each lead wire in the measuring circuit.

Despite the fact that the reactance is entirely induc-

tive above the self-resonance, these capacitors find use

as decoupling devices above 10 MHz. Special designs

have been developed for minimum inductance and are

used above 100 MHz.

ESR and Z are also affected by temperature. At 100

kHz, ESR decreases with increasing temperature. The

amount of change is influenced by the size of the capaci-

tor and is generally more pronounced on smaller ratings.

13. POWER DISSIPATION

Permissible power dissipation has been empirically

established for all Series and is listed in each respective

product section.

See pages 6-41 for herm seal, 42-50 for axial and

radial molded, and 61-70 for tantalum dipped.

It is usually most convenient to translate the permis-

sible power into an AC voltage rating. Assuming a sinu-

soidal waveform, the “ripple voltage” permissible may be

calculated from the impedance and ESR data shown in the

respective product section. However, three criteria must

be observed:

APPLICATION NOTES FOR TANTALUM CAPACITORS

10VDC Rated

Frequency (MHz)

100

0.1

Impedance

ESR

(Ohms)

10 µ

µFd

100

µFd

220

µFd

100

10M

100K

10K

1000

ESR and Impedance vs. Frequency

Figure 9.

Frequency (MHz)

0.1

35VDC Rated

100

10M

100K

10K

1000

Frequency (MHz)

100

0.1

Impedance

ESR

(Ohms)

2.7

4.7

2.7 µ

µFd

4.7

µFd

Figure 11a.

ESR and Impedance vs. Frequency

20VDC Rated

Frequency (MHz)

0.1

Impedance

ESR

(Ohms)

100 µFd

0.3

47 µ

µFd

100

10M

100K

10K

1000

Figure 10.

ESR and Impedance vs. Frequency

0.1

-50

Temperature - Degrees Centigrade

-25

100

125

Multiplier of 100kHz ESR

Figure 11b Typical Effect of Temperature

on 100 kHz ESR

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