CSR09B565JS datasheet(76/84 Pages) KEMET

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Capacitance typically changes with temperature

according to the curve of Figure 2.

6. DISSIPATION FACTOR (DF)

DF is measured at 120 Hz and 25° C with up to 1 volt

rms applied. Note that, in either operation, peak AC plus

DC bias must not exceed either rated voltage (normally

polarized) or 15% of rated voltage in the reverse direction

at 25°C. Measurement circuits are of high impedance,

however, and under these conditions 1 volt rms may be

applied even to 6 volt capacitors (23% peak reversal) with-

out a DC bias. DC bias is thus normally not used, except

when rated voltage is below 6 volts and the AC signal level

exceeds 0.3 vrms. However, MIL-C-39003 provides for up

to 2.2 volts DC.

Dissipation Factor (DF) is a useful low-frequency

measure of the resistive component in capacitors. It is the

ratio of the unavoidable resistance to the capacitive reac-

tance, usually expressed in percent. DF increases with

temperature above +25° C and may also increase at lower

temperatures. Unfortunately, one general limit for DF can-

not be specified for all capacitance/voltage combinations,

nor can response to temperature be simply stated.

Catalogs for the respective series list DF limits under var-

ious conditions.

Dissipation factor increases with increasing frequen-

cy as would be expected from the decreasing capacitive

reactance. DF is not a very useful parameter above about

1 kHz. The DF of larger capacitance values increases

more rapidly than that of smaller ratings. Figure 3 shows

typical effect of frequency on DF.

DC bias causes a small reduction in capacitance, up

to about 2% when full rated voltage is applied, as bias. DF

is also reduced by the presence of DC bias. Rated voltage

may cause a decrease in DF of about 0.2% (e.g., a

decrease from 3.6 to 3.4% DF).

DF is defined as

and is also referred to occa-

sionally, as tan d or “loss tangent.” The “Quality

Factor,” Q, is the reciprocal of DF (DF is not expressed in

percent in this calculation). Another expression, rarely

used, is the “power factor,” or

Power factor is cos u,

while DF is ctn u.

7. DC LEAKAGE (DCL)

DC leakage is affected by voltage to a much larger

extent, and this effect can frequently be used to advantage

in circuits where only very low leakage currents can be tol-

erated. Typical response of DCL to applied voltage is illus-

trated in Figure 4.

DC leakage current (DCL) increases with increasing

temperature according to the typical curve of Figure 5.

Leakage current is measured at a rated voltage

through +85°C and may also be measured at +125°C with

2/3 of rated voltage applied.

8. RATED VOLTAGE

This term refers to the maximum continuous DC

working voltage permissible at temperatures of +85° C or

below. The lower operating temperature is specified as

-55° C. Operation above +85° C is permissible, with

reduced working voltage. Typical working voltage reduc-

tion is to 2/3 of rated voltage at +125° C.

ESR

KEMET

APPLICATION NOTES FOR TANTALUM CAPACITORS

KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606 (864) 963-6300

+20

+10

-10

-20

-80

-60 -40 -20

0 +20 +40 +60 +80 +100 +120

Operating Temperature

°C

Figure 2.

Typical Effect of Temperature upon Capacitance

1.0

10.0

20.0

100

10K

Frequency - Hertz

Figure 3.

Normal Effect of Frequency upon

Dissipation Factor

10.0

1.0

0.1

Operating Temperature –˚C

-60 -40 -20

+20 +40 +60 +80 +100 +125

Reference 1.0

at + 25

°C

Temperature -

°C

Typical Range of DC Leakage as

a Function of Applied Voltage

100 110

0.0001

0.01

0.1

1.0

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Typical Effect of Temperature

upon DC Leakage Current

Percentage of Rated Voltage

102030405060708090

100

110

1.0

0.1

0.01

0.001

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