ST25R100 datasheet(5/86 Pages) STMICROELECTRONICS

5 / 86 page

2.1.1

Transmitter

The transmitter incorporates the drivers, which drive the external antenna through pins RFO1 and RFO2. Both

single

‑ended and differential antenna configurations are supported. The transmitter block also generates the OOK

or AM modulation of the transmitted RF signal.

The transmitter can either operate RFO1 and RFO2 independently to drive up to two antennas in single ended

configuration or operate RFO1 and RFO2 combined to drive one antenna in differential configuration. The drivers

are designed to directly drive antenna(s) integrated on the PCB as well as antennas connected with 50 Ω cables.

2.1.2

Receiver

The receiver detects card modulation superimposed on the 13.56 MHz carrier signal. The receiver chain

incorporates several features that enable reliable operation in challenging and noisy conditions.

The receiver is connected to the antenna via the pins RFI1 and RFI2. The output of the receiver is connected to

the framing block that decodes the demodulated and digitized subcarrier signal.

2.1.3

Quartz crystal oscillator

The quartz crystal oscillator operates with 27.12 MHz crystals. At startup, the transconductance of the oscillator is

increased to achieve a fast startup. Since the startup time varies with crystal type, temperature and other

parameters, the oscillator amplitude is observed, and an interrupt is sent when stable oscillator operation is

reached.

2.1.4

Power supply regulators

Integrated power supply regulators ensure a high power supply rejection ratio for the complete reader system.

Different voltage regulators supply separate blocks to decouple from noise sources.

2.1.5

POR and bias

This block provides bias currents and reference voltages to all other blocks. It also incorporates a power on reset

(POR) circuit, which provides a reset at power-up and at low supply levels.

2.1.6

RC oscillator and wake-up timer

The RC oscillator allows the wake-up timer to run and periodically trigger a measurement of its surroundings

during wake-up mode.

2.1.7

Tx coding

This block encodes the transmit frames according to the selected RF communication mode and bit rate. It

generates the SOF (start of frame), EOF (end of frame), CRC, and parity bits automatically. The data to be

transmitted is taken from the FIFO.

2.1.8

Rx framing

This block decodes received frames according to the selected RF communication mode and bit rate. The SOF

(start of frame), EOF (end of frame), CRC, and parity bits are automatically checked and removed by this block.

The received data is then placed in the FIFO.

2.1.9

Control logic

This block drives all activity of the device based on the commands received via the serial interface and the

configurations present on the registers.

2.1.10

FIFO

A 256-byte FIFO is available for exchanging data via the transmitter and receiver. Depending on the mode, it

contains either data that has been received or data to be transmitted.

2.1.11

SPI

A 4-wire serial peripheral interface (SPI) is available for communication between the device and the host/

microcontroller.

ST25R100

Functional overview

DS14139 - Rev 5

page 5/86

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