AD8228ARMZ-R7 datasheet(16/24 Pages) AD

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AD8228

Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 24

THEORY OF OPERATION

IB COMPENSATION

VBIAS

489Ω

G1 G2

GAIN

SET

4.889kΩ

22kΩ

+VS

–VS

+VS

–VS

600Ω

–VS

–IN

+VS

600Ω

–VS

+IN

+VS

–VS

10kΩ

+VS

–VS

OUTPUT

REF

Figure 41. Simplified Schematic

ARCHITECTURE

The AD8228 is based on the classic three op amp topology. This

topology has two stages: a preamplifier to provide differential

amplification, followed by a difference amplifier to remove the

common-mode voltage. Figure 41 shows a simplified schematic

of the AD8228.

The first stage is composed of the A1 and A2 amplifiers, the Q1

and Q2 input transistors, and the R1 through R4 resistors. The

feedback loop of A1, R1, and Q1 ensures that the V1 voltage is

a constant diode drop below in the negative input voltage.

Similarly, V2 is kept a constant diode drop below the positive

input. Therefore, a replica of the differential input voltage is

placed across either R3 (when the gain pins are left open) or

R3||R4 (when the gain pins are shorted). The current that flows

across this resistance must also flow through the R1 and R2

resistors, creating a gained differential signal between the A2

and A1 outputs. Note that, in addition to a gained differential

signal, the original common-mode signal, shifted a diode drop

down, is also still present.

The second stage is a difference amplifier, composed of A3 and

four 10 kΩ resistors. The purpose of this stage is to remove the

common-mode signal from the amplified differential signal.

The AD8228 does not depend on external resistors. Much of the

dc performance of precision circuits depends on the accuracy and

matching of resistors. The resistors on the AD8228 are laid out to

be tightly matched. The resistors of each part are laser trimmed

and tested for their matching accuracy. Because of this trimming

and testing, the AD8228 can guarantee high accuracy for speci-

fications such as gain drift, common-mode rejection (CMRR),

and gain error.

SETTING THE GAIN

The AD8228 can be configured for a gain of 10 or 100 with no

external components. Leave Pin 2 and Pin 3 open for a gain of 10;

short Pin 2 and Pin 3 together for a gain of 100 (see Figure 42).

AD8228

+VS

–VS

REF

–IN

+IN

AD8228

+VS

–VS

REF

VOUT

–IN

+IN

G = 10

PIN 2 AND PIN 3 OPEN

G = 100

PIN 2 AND PIN 3 SHORTED

Figure 42. Setting the Gain

The transfer function with Pin 2 and Pin 3 open is

VOUT = 10 × (VIN+ − VIN−) + VREF

The transfer function with Pin 2 and Pin 3 shorted is

VOUT = 100 × (VIN+ − VIN−) + VREF

COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE

The three op amp architecture of the AD8228 applies gain and

then removes the common-mode voltage. Therefore, internal

nodes in the AD8228 experience a combination of both the

gained signal and the common-mode signal. This combined

signal can be limited by the voltage supplies even when the

individual input and output signals are not. Figure 10 through

Figure 13 show the allowable common-mode input voltage

ranges for various output voltages and supply voltages.

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