ADC08038CIWM datasheet(14/24 Pages) NSC

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Functional Description (Continued)

4.0 THE ANALOG INPUTS

The most important feature of these converters is that they

can be located right at the analog signal source and through

just a few wires can communicate with a controlling proces-

sor with a highly noise immune serial bit stream. This in itself

greatly minimizes circuitry to maintain analog signal accu-

racy which otherwise is most susceptible to noise pickup.

However, a few words are in order with regard to the analog

inputs should the input be noisy to begin with or possibly

riding on a large common-mode voltage.

The differential input of these converters actually reduces

the effects of common-mode input noise, a signal common

to both selected “+” and “−” inputs for a conversion (60 Hz is

most typical). The time interval between sampling the “+” in-

put and then the “−” input is 1⁄2 of a clock period. The change

in the common-mode voltage during this short time interval

can

cause

conversion

errors.

For

sinusoidal

common-mode signal this error is:

where f

CM is the frequency of the common-mode signal,

PEAK is its peak voltage value

and f

CLK is the A/D clock frequency.

For a 60Hz common-mode signal to generate a 1⁄4 LSB error

(

≈5mV) with the converter running at 250kHz, its peak value

would have to be 6.63V which would be larger than allowed

as it exceeds the maximum analog input limits.

Source resistance limitation is important with regard to the

DC leakage currents of the input multiplexer. Bypass capaci-

tors should not be used if the source resistance is greater

than 1k

Ω. The worst-case leakage current of ±1µA over tem-

perature will create a 1mV input error with a 1k

Ω source re-

sistance. An op amp RC active low pass filter can provide

both impedance buffering and noise filtering should a high

impedance signal source be required.

5.0 OPTIONAL ADJUSTMENTS

5.1 Zero Error

The zero of the A/D does not require adjustment. If the mini-

mum analog input voltage value, V

IN(MIN), is not ground a

zero offset can be done. The converter can be made to out-

put 0000 0000 digital code for this minimum input voltage by

biasing any V

IN (−) input at this VIN(MIN) value. This utilizes

the differential mode operation of the A/D.

The zero error of the A/D converter relates to the location of

the first riser of the transfer function and can be measured by

grounding the V

IN (−) input and applying a small magnitude

positive voltage to the V

IN (+) input. Zero error is the differ-

ence between the actual DC input voltage which is neces-

sary to just cause an output digital code transition from 0000

0000 to 0000 0001 and the ideal 1⁄2 LSB value (1⁄2 LSB =

9.8mV for V

REF = 5.000VDC).

5.2 Full Scale

The full-scale adjustment can be made by applying a differ-

ential input voltage which is 11⁄2 LSB down from the desired

analog full-scale voltage range and then adjusting the mag-

nitude of the V

REFIN input for a digital output code which is

just changing from 1111 1110 to 1111 1111.

5.3 Adjusting for an Arbitrary Analog Input

Voltage Range

If the analog zero voltage of the A/D is shifted away from

ground (for example, to accommodate an analog input signal

which does not go to ground), this new zero reference

should be properly adjusted first. A V

IN (+) voltage which

equals this desired zero reference plus 1⁄2 LSB (where the

LSB is calculated for the desired analog span, using 1 LSB =

analog span/256) is applied to selected “+” input and the

zero reference voltage at the corresponding “−” input should

then be adjusted to just obtain the 00

HEX to 01HEX code tran-

sition.

The full-scale adjustment should be made [with the proper

IN (−) voltage applied] by forcing a voltage to the VIN (+) in-

put which is given by:

DS010555-52

a) Ratiometric

DS010555-53

b) Absolute with a Reduced Span

FIGURE 2. Reference Examples

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