PIC16F506T-ESLASHMCSQTP datasheet(43/116 Pages) MICROCHIP

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Preliminary

DS41268C-page 41

PIC12F510/16F506

6.1

Using Timer0 With An External

Clock

When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must

meet certain requirements. The external clock require-

ment is due to internal phase clock (TOSC) synchroniza-

tion. Also, there is a delay in the actual incrementing of

Timer0 after synchronization.

6.1.1

EXTERNAL CLOCK

SYNCHRONIZATION

When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is

the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization

of an external clock with the internal phase clocks is

accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the

Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks

(Figure 6-4). Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI or the

comparator output to be high for at least 2TOSC (and a

small RC delay of 2Tt0H) and low for at least 2TOSC

(and a small RC delay of 2Tt0H). Refer to the electrical

specification of the desired device.

When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is

divided by the asynchronous ripple counter-type

prescaler, so that the prescaler output is symmetrical.

For the external clock to meet the sampling require-

ment, the ripple counter must be taken into account.

Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI or the comparator

output to have a period of at least 4TOSC (and a small

RC delay of 4Tt0H) divided by the prescaler value. The

only requirement on T0CKI or the comparator output

high and low time is that they do not violate the

minimum pulse width requirement of Tt0H. Refer to

parameters 40, 41 and 42 in the electrical specification

of the desired device.

6.1.2

TIMER0 INCREMENT DELAY

Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the

internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the

external clock edge occurs to the time the Timer0

module is actually incremented. Figure 6-4 shows the

delay from the external clock edge to the timer

incrementing.

FIGURE 6-4:

TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK

6.2

Prescaler

An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the

Timer0 module or as a postscaler for the Watchdog

Timer (WDT), respectively (see Figure 10-12). For sim-

plicity, this counter is being referred to as “prescaler”

throughout this data sheet.

The PSA and PS<2:0> bits (OPTION<3:0>) determine

prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.

When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions

writing

the

TMR0

(e.g.,

CLRF 1,

MOVWF 1, BSF 1, x,

etc.) will clear the prescaler.

When assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear

the prescaler along with the WDT. The prescaler is

neither readable nor writable. On a Reset, the

prescaler contains all ‘0’s.

Increment Timer0 (Q4)

External Clock Input or

Q3 Q4

Timer0

T0 + 1

T0 + 2

Small pulse

misses sampling

External Clock/Prescaler

Output After Sampling

(3)

Prescaler Output(2)

(1)

Note 1:

Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3TOSC to 7TOSC. (Duration of Q = TOSC). Therefore, the error

in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = ±4TOSC max.

External clock if no prescaler selected; prescaler output otherwise.

The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs.

Note:

The prescaler may be used by either the

Timer0 module or the WDT, but not both.

Thus, a prescaler assignment for the

Timer0 module means that there is no

prescaler for the WDT and vice-versa.

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