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ATmega48PA 数据表(PDF) 13 Page - ATMEL Corporation |
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ATmega48PA 数据表(HTML) 13 Page - ATMEL Corporation |
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13 / 448 page  13 8161D–AVR–10/09 ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P 6.5.1 SPH and SPL – Stack Pointer High and Stack Pointer Low Register 6.6 Instruction Execution Timing This section describes the general access timing concepts for instruction execution. The AVR CPU is driven by the CPU clock clk CPU, directly generated from the selected clock source for the chip. No internal clock division is used. Figure 6-4 shows the parallel instruction fetches and instruction executions enabled by the Har- vard architecture and the fast-access Register File concept. This is the basic pipelining concept to obtain up to 1 MIPS per MHz with the corresponding unique results for functions per cost, functions per clocks, and functions per power-unit. Figure 6-4. The Parallel Instruction Fetches and Instruction Executions Figure 6-5 shows the internal timing concept for the Register File. In a single clock cycle an ALU operation using two register operands is executed, and the result is stored back to the destina- tion register. Figure 6-5. Single Cycle ALU Operation Bit 1514131211 10 9 8 0x3E (0x5E) SP15 SP14 SP13 SP12 SP11 SP10 SP9 SP8 SPH 0x3D (0x5D) SP7 SP6 SP5 SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0 SPL 76543210 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND RAMEND clk 1st Instruction Fetch 1st Instruction Execute 2nd Instruction Fetch 2nd Instruction Execute 3rd Instruction Fetch 3rd Instruction Execute 4th Instruction Fetch T1 T2 T3 T4 CPU Total Execution Time Register Operands Fetch ALU Operation Execute Result Write Back T1 T2 T3 T4 clk CPU |
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