4-290

Functional Description

Oscillator

The oscillator circuit of the 82C84A is designed primarily for

use with an external parallel resonant, fundamental mode

crystal from which the basic operating frequency is derived.

The crystal frequency should be selected at three times the

required CPU clock. X1 and X2 are the two crystal input

crystal connections. For the most stable operation of the

oscillator (OSC) output circuit, two capacitors (C1 = C2) as

shown in the waveform figures are recommended. The out-

put of the oscillator is buffered and brought out on OSC so

that other system timing signals can be derived from this sta-

ble, crystal-controlled source.

Capacitors C1, C2 are chosen such that their combined

capacitance

matches the load capacitance as specified by the crystal

manufacturer. This ensures operation within the frequency

tolerance specified by the crystal manufacturer.

Clock Generator

The clock generator consists of a synchronous divide-by-

three counter with a special clear input that inhibits the

counting. This clear input (CSYNC) allows the output clock

to be synchronized with an external event (such as another

82C84A clock). It is necessary to synchronize the CSYNC

input to the EFI clock external to the 82C84A. This is accom-

plished with two flip-flops. (See Figure 1). The counter out-

put is a 33% duty cycle clock at one-third the input

frequency.

NOTE: The F/C input is a strapping pin that selects either the crystal

oscillator or the EFI input as the clock for the

÷ 3 counter. If

the EFI input is selected as the clock source, the oscillator

section can be used independently for another clock source.

Output is taken from OSC.

Clock Outputs

The CLK output is a 33% duty cycle clock driver designed to

drive the 80C86, 80C88 processors directly. PCLK is a periph-

eral clock signal whose output frequency is 1/2 that of CLK.

PCLK has a 50% duty cycle.

Reset Logic

The reset logic provides a Schmitt trigger input (RES) and a

synchronizing flip-flop to generate the reset timing. The reset

signal is synchronized to the falling edge of CLK. A simple RC

network can be used to provide power-on reset by utilizing this

function of the 82C84A.

READY Synchronization

Two READY input (RDY1, RDY2) are provided to accommo-

date two system busses. Each input has a qualifier (AEN1 and

AEN2, respectively). The AEN signals validate their respective

RDY signals. If a Multi-Master system is not being used the

AEN pin should be tied LOW.

Synchronization is required for all asynchronous active-going

edges of either RDY input to guarantee that the RDY setup

and hold times are met. Inactive-going edges of RDY in nor-

mally ready systems do not require synchronization but must

satisfy RDY setup and hold as a matter of proper system

design.

The ASYNC input defines two modes of READY synchroniza-

tion operation.

When ASYNC is LOW, two stages of synchronization are pro-

vided for active READY input signals. Positive-going asynchro-

nous READY inputs will first be synchronized to flip-flop one of

the rising edge of CLK (requiring a setup time tR1VCH) and

the synchronized to flip-flop two at the next falling edge of

CLK, after which time the READY output will go active (HIGH).

Negative-going asynchronous READY inputs will be synchro-

nized directly to flip-flop two at the falling edge of CLK, after

which the READY output will go inactive. This mode of opera-

tion is intended for use by asynchronous (normally not ready)

devices in the system which cannot be guaranteed by design

to meet the required RDY setup timing, TR1VCL, on each bus

cycle.

When ASYNC is high or left open, the first READY flip-flop is

bypassed in the READY synchronization logic. READY inputs

are synchronized by flip-flop two on the falling edge of CLK

before they are presented to the processor. This mode is avail-

able for synchronous devices that can be guaranteed to meet

the required RDY setup time.

ASYNC can be changed on every bus cycle to select the

appropriate mode of synchronization for each device in the

system.

TABLE 1. CRYSTAL SPECIFICATIONS

PARAMETER

TYPICAL CRYSTAL SPEC

Frequency

2.4 - 25MHz, Fundamental, “AT” cut

Type of Operation

Parallel

Unwanted Modes

6dB (Minimum)

Load Capacitance

18 - 32pF

CT =

C1 x C2

C1 + C2

----------------------

(Including stray capacitance)

EFI

EFI

82C84A

CSYNC

(TO OTHER 82C84As)

CLOCK

SYNCHRONIZE

DQ

>

D

Q

>

FIGURE 1. CSYNC SYNCHRONIZATION

82C84A