CF745 datasheet(43/217 Pages) MICROCHIP

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Preliminary

DS30453B-page 43

PIC16C5X

8.0

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16C5X instruction is a 12-bit word divided into an

OPCODE, which speciﬁes the instruction type, and one or

more operands which further specify the operation of the

instruction. The PIC16C5X instruction set summary in

Table 8-2 groups the instructions into byte-oriented,

bit-oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 8-1

shows the opcode ﬁeld descriptions.

For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a ﬁle register

designator and 'd' represents a destination designator. The

ﬁle register designator is used to specify which one of the

32 ﬁle registers is to be used by the instruction.

The destination designator speciﬁes where the result

of the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is '0', the result is

placed in the W register. If 'd' is '1', the result is placed

in the ﬁle register speciﬁed in the instruction.

For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit ﬁeld

designator which selects the number of the bit affected

by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the

ﬁle in which the bit is located.

For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an

8 or 9-bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 8-1:

OPCODE FIELD

DESCRIPTIONS

Field

Description

Working register (accumulator)

Bit address within an 8-bit ﬁle register

Literal ﬁeld, constant data or label

Don't care location (= 0 or 1)

The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is

the recommended form of use for compatibility

with all Microchip software tools.

Destination select;

d = 0 (store result in W)

d = 1 (store result in ﬁle register 'f')

Default is d = 1

label

Label name

TOS

Top of Stack

Program Counter

WDT

Watchdog Timer Counter

Time-Out bit

Power-Down bit

dest

Destination, either the W register or the speciﬁed

[ ]

Options

( )

Contents

→

Assigned to

< >

∈

In the set of

italics

User deﬁned term (font is courier)

All instructions are executed within one single

instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the

program counter is changed as a result of an

instruction. In this case, the execution takes two

instruction cycles. One instruction cycle consists of

four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency

of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1

µs.

If a conditional test is true or the program counter is

changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction

execution time is 2

µs.

Figure 8-1 shows the three general formats that the

instructions can have. All examples in the ﬁgure use the

following format to represent a hexadecimal number:

0xhhh

where 'h' signiﬁes a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 8-1:

GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

Byte-oriented ﬁle register operations

d = 0 for destination W

OPCODE

f (FILE #)

d = 1 for destination f

f = 5-bit ﬁle register address

Bit-oriented ﬁle register operations

8 7

5 4

OPCODE

b (BIT #)

f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit bit address

f = 5-bit ﬁle register address

Literal and control operations (except GOTO)

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

Literal and control operations - GOTO instruction

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 9-bit immediate value

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