PIC16F84A datasheet(17/68 Pages) MICROCHIP

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PIC16F84A

Preliminary

DS35007A-page 17

4.0

TIMER0 MODULE

The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following fea-

tures:

• 8-bit timer/counter

• Readable and writable

• Internal or external clock select

• Edge select for external clock

• 8-bit software programmable prescaler

• Interrupt on overﬂow from FFh to 00h

Figure 4-1 is a simpliﬁed block diagram of the Timer0

module.

Additional information on timer modules is available in

the

PICmicro™

Mid-Range

Reference

Manual,

(DS33023).

4.1

Timer0 Operation

Timer0 can operate as a timer or as a counter.

Timer mode is selected by clearing bit T0CS

(OPTION_REG<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 mod-

ule will increment every instruction cycle (without pres-

caler). If the TMR0 register is written, the increment is

inhibited for the following two instruction cycles. The

user can work around this by writing an adjusted value

to the TMR0 register.

Counter mode is selected by setting bit T0CS

(OPTION_REG<5>). In counter mode, Timer0 will

increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin

RA4/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by

the

Timer0

Source

Edge

Select

bit

T0SE

(OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing bit T0SE selects the ris-

ing edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are

discussed below.

When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must

meet certain requirements. The requirements ensure

the external clock can be synchronized with the internal

phase clock (TOSC). Also, there is a delay in the actual

incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization.

Additional information on external clock requirements

is available in the PICmicro™ Mid-Range Reference

Manual, (DS33023).

4.2

Prescaler

An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the

Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog

Timer, respectively (Figure 4-2). For simplicity, this

counter is being referred to as “prescaler” throughout

this data sheet. Note that there is only one prescaler

available which is mutually exclusively shared between

the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer. Thus, a

prescaler assignment for the Timer0 module means

that there is no prescaler for the Watchdog Timer, and

vice-versa.

The prescaler is not readable or writable.

The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION_REG<3:0>)

determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.

Clearing bit PSA will assign the prescaler to the Timer0

module. When the prescaler is assigned to the Timer0

module, prescale values of 1:2, 1:4, ..., 1:256 are

selectable.

Setting bit PSA will assign the prescaler to the Watch-

dog Timer (WDT). When the prescaler is assigned to

the WDT, prescale values of 1:1, 1:2, ..., 1:128 are

selectable.

When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions

writing to the TMR0 register (e.g. CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,

BSF

1,x

....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When

assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the

prescaler along with the WDT.

FIGURE 4-1:

TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Note:

Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is

assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler

count, but will not change the prescaler

assignment.

Note 1: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 (OPTION_REG<5:0>).

2: The prescaler is shared with Watchdog Timer (refer to Figure 4-2 for detailed block diagram).

RA4/T0CKI

T0SE

T0CS

FOSC/4

Programmable

Prescaler

Sync with

Internal

clocks

TMR0

PSout

(2 cycle delay)

PSout

Data bus

PSA

PS2, PS1, PS0

Set interrupt

ﬂag bit T0IF

on overﬂow

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