PIC16F72SLASHML datasheet(75/136 Pages) MICROCHIP

75 / 136 page

 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS39597B-page 73

PIC16F72

12.0

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16F72 instruction is a 14-bit word divided into

an OPCODE that specifies the instruction type and one

or more operands that further specify the operation of

the instruction. The PIC16F72 instruction set summary

in Table 12-2 lists byte-oriented, bit-oriented, and lit-

eral and control operations. Table 12-1 shows the

opcode field descriptions.

For byte-oriented instructions, ‘f’ represents a file reg-

ister designator and ‘d’ represents a destination desig-

nator. The file register designator specifies which file

The destination designator specifies where the result of

the operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is

placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is placed

in the file register specified in the instruction.

For bit-oriented instructions, ‘b’ represents a bit field

designator which selects the number of the bit affected

by the operation, while ‘f’ represents the number of the

file in which the bit is located.

For literal and control operations, ‘k’ represents an

eight or eleven-bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 12-1:

OPCODE FIELD

DESCRIPTIONS

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped

into three basic categories:

• Byte-oriented operations

• Bit-oriented operations

• Literal and control operations

All instructions are executed within one single instruc-

tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro-

gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.

In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles,

with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruc-

tion cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for

an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction

execution time is 1

µs. If a conditional test is true, or the

program counter is changed as a result of an

instruction, the instruction execution time is 2

µs.

Table 12-2 lists the instructions recognized by the

MPASMTM assembler.

Figure 12-1 shows the general formats that the

instructions can have.

All examples use the following format to represent a

hexadecimal number:

0xhh

where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 12-1:

GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

A description of each instruction is available in the

PICmicro™

Mid-Range

MCU

Family

Reference

Manual (DS33023).

Field

Description

Working register (accumulator)

Bit address within an 8-bit file register

Literal field, constant data or label

Don’t care location (= 0 or 1).

The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the

recommended form of use for compatibility with all

Microchip software tools.

Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,

d = 1: store result in file register f.

Default is d = 1.

Program Counter

Time-out bit

Power-down bit

Byte-oriented file register operations

d = 0 for destination W

OPCODE

f (FILE #)

d = 1 for destination f

f = 7-bit file register address

Bit-oriented file register operations

10 9

7 6

OPCODE

b (BIT #)

f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit bit address

f = 7-bit file register address

Literal and control operations

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 11-bit immediate value

General

CALL

and GOTO instructions only

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